May 07, 2024  
2022-2023 Catalog 
    
2022-2023 Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 

Pathologists’ Assistant

  
  • PATH 503 - Essential Physiology and Primer for Human Anatomy


    5 Credit Hours
    This is a comprehensive introductory course to integrative organ system physiology and homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. Interrelationships of structure and function are reinforced throughout the course. The flow of the course is intended to interphase closely with the topic material being taught concurrently in Histology (PATH 513 ). The anatomy primer portion of the course introduces interactive learning exercises, videos and diagrams that expose the student to the major structural features that they will encounter in Anatomical Foundations (PATH 504 ).
  
  • PATH 504 - Anatomical Foundations


    5 Credit Hours
    Cross-listed: MPA 5061 , MSA 508 

    The course is divided into 4 modular units of learning. The sequence is: back & upper extremities; head and neck; thorax & abdomen; pelvis & lower extremity. This course affords the student a coherent, sequential approach to the dissection and study of human anatomy at the gross level with applied clinical relationships for PA, SA & PathA students. The general objective is for the experience of dissection to lead to a 3-D visual concept of the human body in order to relate this to future professional settings. This 3-D dissection experience is extrapolated to all the other bodies in the anatomy lab providing the student with the anatomical basis for understanding and appreciating the variations and complexities of the human body. Students should be able to demonstrate to each other all the different normal structures and any pathological structures detailed in the student learning objectives for specific lectures. Students should be able to integrate materials in a particular module to talk about clinical/surgical functions. These objectives are evaluated by clinical scenario types of questions on exams.
  
  • PATH 506 - Microbiology


    2 Credit Hours
    This course will cover Medical Bacteriology and includes an introduction to bacteria biology including structure, growth, genetics, pathogenesis, mechanism-of-action of antimicrobial drugs and the fundamentals of disease prevention. Specific bacteria pathogens along with the human diseases they cause will be discussed. Emphasis will be on optimum methods of obtaining samples for culture and identification. Essential concepts related to life cycles, pathogenicity and aseptic technique will be introduced. One lecture each will introduce basic concepts in medical virology, medical mycology and medical parasitology.
  
  • PATH 507 - Neuroanatomy


    2 Credit Hours
    This course is a comprehensive introduction to integrative nervous system anatomy and physiology. Interrelationships of structure and function are reinforced throughout the course, including neurological cases. The flow of the course is intended to interphase closely with the topic material being taught concurrently in Mechanism of Disease (PATH 516 ) and Pathophysiology (PATH 510 ). The Neuroanatomy course introduces interactive learning exercises based on interactive lectures, clinical cases and material demonstrations using videos, materials and diagrams that expose the student to the major structural and functional features.
  
  • PATH 508 - Medical Photography


    2 Credit Hours
    This course applies the basic foundations of digital photography to medical photo documentation techniques. Students will learn principles of light, optics, exposure, metering, lighting, special filters, annotation and archiving of images both at the macro and microscopic level. Learning methodologies include lectures and application in a practicum setting.
  
  • PATH 509 - Autopsy and Surgical Pathology Technique


    3 Credit Hours
    This course is a combination of lectures and laboratory sessions. Students will be taught established surgical pathology and autopsy techniques. Autopsy techniques will include evisceration and dissection methods. Historical context and legal considerations will also be introduced. Surgical pathology topics will include general dictation and grossing techniques as well as specific organ/system methods, as well as the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual criteria and CAP protocols. There will be a review of laboratory operations, coding and laboratory safety as it applies to the Pathologists’ Assistant. The laboratory portion of the course will include fixed, porcine organ/tissue grossing, frozen sections and dictation exercises. Students will be oriented to the facilities of Sentara Norfolk General Hospital Surgical Pathology and the Tidewater District Office of the Virginia Medical Examiner’s Office.
  
  • PATH 510 - Pathophysiology


    4 Credit Hours
    Cross-listed: MPA 5003 

    This course is a didactic presentation of human pathophysiology designed for Health Professions students. A clear understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and morphologic changes of disease serves as an essential basis for the understanding and competent practice in all areas of medicine. Students in this course will: Develop a background and vocabulary in pathophysiology; acquire an understanding of general physiologic/pathophysiologic processes such as inflammation, repair, neoplasia and senescence; survey pathophysiologic processes and morphologic changes which manifest in organ systems and establish a basis for the understanding of disease; exercise an approach to clinical problems which evaluates symptoms, signs and findings with a knowledge of pathophysiology to formulate a diagnosis with due consideration of differential diagnoses.
  
  • PATH 511 - Organ System Pathology


    4 Credit Hours
    This course is a comprehensive introduction to integrative organ system pathology. and will include interrelationships of structure and function are reinforced throughout the course. The flow of the course is intended to interphase with topic material being taught concurrently in Autopsy and Surgical Pathology Techniques (PATH 509 ). The course introduces an interactive learning experience that exposes the student to all the major organ system pathology as is presented in Robbins Pathology and will provide the student with a strong background for fulfilling the competency requirements for a career as a Pathologists’ Assistant.
  
  • PATH 512 - Histotechnology I


    2 Credit Hours
    This course focuses on the laboratory skills required to function in a clinical or research histology facility including specimen acquisition and fixation, tissue processing, embedding, sectioning and staining. Paraffin-based techniques with H&E/special stains are introduced. The student is expected to gain experience in cryomicrotomy and is introduced to a variety of immunohistochemical techniques. Chemical and environmental safety issues are covered in depth and emphasized. Proper record-keeping practices including quality control and quality assurance requirements are also reinforced. Responsible lab management procedures are emphasized including essential inventory control concerns, as well as instrumentation, care, quality assurance and maintenance.
  
  • PATH 513 - Histology for Health Professions - online


    2 Credit Hours
    This course provides students with an understanding of the normal architecture of cells and an opportunity to gain appreciation of how cellular components specialize to form primary tissues and how these tissues give rise to organs and organ systems. The course allows for the evaluation of the structure-function relationships in normal cells, tissues and organs. Students will acquire morphological pattern recognition and cell/tissue/organ identification skills at the light microscopic level and to a lesser extent at the electron microscope level through a lecture-lab combination, systems-based approach. Students will be introduced to proper use of a light microscope and essentials of microscopy. Utilizing light microscopes in a laboratory setting and on-line tutorials to recognize the morphology of structures, students will relate these structures to their function. This course is a critical prerequisite to Pathology and Pathophysiology.
  
  • PATH 514 - Medical Terminology


    2 Credit Hours
    This is an interactive online and temporally guided self-paced course conducted using Quizlet. The course provides the student with an extensive vocabulary building set of exercises in medical terminology. The course is constructed with multiple sets of self-educational exercises that instruct the student in: General rules governing medical nomenclature, general rules pertaining to plurality and pronunciation, common medical terms and conditions, prefixes and suffixes of medical terms, covering AAPA suggested list of medical terms derived from Robbins Pathology textbook. The individual study sets are designed to cover each individual chapter of Robbins Pathology textbook. The students are introduced to CPT coding for surgical pathology used by the American Medical Association.
  
  • PATH 515 - Embryology - online


    2 Credit Hours
    This course is a comprehensive introduction to human embryology with application to pathology. The course is intended to interface with the topics taught concurrently in Anatomical Foundations (PATH 504 ).
  
  • PATH 516 - General Mechanisms of Disease


    3 Credit Hours
    The General Mechanisms of Disease module serves as a transition from the foundational modules to the organ systems modules. It focuses on the general mechanisms of disease, introducing students to microbiology and infectious disease, principles for discriminating healthy from unhealthy conditions and predicting clinical manifestations. The course consists of face-to-face lectures by basic science faculty focusing on major principles and their biomedical applications. Exams are used to assess foundational knowledge and facilitate knowledge integration and are designed to facilitate student review and self-assessment. The PathA student will complete approximately 60 contact hours. The course will have three major non-comprehensive multiple choice exams each covering approximately 6 to 8 hours of lecture content. The course will assess topic-specific foundational knowledge and facilitate disease knowledge integration.
  
  • PATH 600 - Clinical Rotations


    8 Credit Hours
    This course is the first of three consecutive courses comprising the Supervised Clinical Practice (SCP) component of the EVMS Pathologists’ Assistant Program. This course consists of immersive clinical experiences in the various disciplines where Pathologists’ Assistants may serve. Students will function under the direct supervision and guidance of site preceptors (Pathologists, Pathologists’ Assistants, or other appropriate laboratory professionals). These rotations will include experience in Surgical Pathology, Medical Autopsy Pathology, Forensic Autopsy Pathology, Laboratory Management and Bio-Banking/Biorepository Sciences. The settings for these experiences will include district offices of the Virginia Medical Examiner’s Office, military and Veterans Administration hospitals, community hospitals, larger private hospital complexes, academic medical centers and the EVMS Biorepository. Students will apply the knowledge and the skills developed in previous didactical courses to develop skills necessary for clinical practice. This course will introduce the student to the demands of the working environment and expectations of a practicing Pathologists’ Assistant.
  
  • PATH 601 - University of Pathology Informatics Certificate of Completion Program


    2 Credit Hours
    A new self-paced online certificate program, University of Pathology Informatics (UPI) leverages case-based learning to develop critical knowledge of informatics concepts. UPI is a joint effort between the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) and the Association for Pathology Informatics (API) focusing on the four laboratory informatics competencies: Information Fundamentals, Information Systems, Workflow & Processes and Governance & Management. This certificate program consists of 20 custom courses; 12 core and eight elective courses are required to earn the certificate. UPI utilizes a case-based approach, where you will act as the project leader in developing a pathology informatics needs assessment for a laboratory.
  
  • PATH 602 - Special Topics: Pathology (Pediatric Pathology) online


    2 Credit Hours
    This is an online course that introduces the student to a variety of commonly encountered pediatric pathology cases. The course emphasizes the integration of knowledge obtained from prior pathology courses and prepares the student to function effectively in clinical clerkships where pediatric samples are encountered. It covers a broad range of topics designed to improve knowledge specific to pediatric cases and samples. Following successful completion of this course the student should be able to interact with pathologists and residents specialized in the field of pediatric pathology to carry out the function of a Pathologists’ Assistant.
  
  • PATH 603 - Clinical Rotations


    8 Credit Hours
    This course is the second of three consecutive courses comprising the Supervised Clinical Practice (SCP) component of the EVMS Pathologists’ Assistant Program. This course also consists of immersive clinical experiences in the various disciplines where Pathologists’ Assistants may serve. Students will function under the direct supervision and guidance of site preceptors (Pathologists, Pathologists’ Assistants, or other appropriate laboratory professionals). These rotations will include experience in Surgical Pathology, Medical Autopsy Pathology, Forensic Autopsy Pathology, Laboratory Management and Bio-Banking/Biorepository Sciences. The settings for these experiences will include district offices of Virginia Medical Examiner’s Office, military and Veterans Administration hospitals, community hospitals, larger private hospital complexes, academic medical centers and the EVMS Biorepository. Students will continue to develop skills for clinical practice, an emphasis will be placed in functioning with greater autonomy and efficiency. They will expand their repertoire of specimen types and perform duties of progressively increasing complexity. Learning objectives addressed in prior courses or clinical rotations will be reinforced and emphasized. This course will prepare the student to meet the demands of the working environment and expectations of a practicing Pathologists’ Assistant.
  
  • PATH 604 - Lab Management University Certificate of Completion Program (online LMU)


    2 Credit Hours
    This course uses the Lab Management University (LMU) self-paced online certificate program that improves competencies in laboratory management. It will teach the student practical, day-to-day skills needed to function successfully in a laboratory environment. All core concepts of laboratory management are introduced. The Fundamentals Certificate of Completion in Laboratory Management is awarded on completion of 25 courses across six core competencies: Leadership, Personnel Management, Operations, Financial Management, Informatics and Compliance. Students select and complete 25 courses under the Fundamentals program at their own pace, receiving their Certificate of Completion in Laboratory Management upon successful completion.
  
  • PATH 605 - Gross Anatomy Teaching Assistant


    1 Credit Hours
    The students will participate in ongoing educational activity in the Gross Anatomy course for first year medical students or physician assistants and surgical assistants. It is anticipated that the PathA teaching assistant rotation (60 contact hours; approx. 8 weeks) will facilitate the learning experience of students currently enrolled in the course. Activities that the teaching assistant will conduct include dissection of cadavers for prosection presentation, photo documentation of dissection specimens of sufficient quality to be used for educational purposes. Conduct processing, dictation, and photo documentation of collected specimens of various pathologies encountered in the cadavers. The teaching assistants will participate in setting up formative quizzes, assisting in setting up of laboratory practical exams, opening of the calvarium and removal of brains and evaluations of student presentations.
  
  • PATH 606 - Special Topics: Pathology (Neuropathology) online


    1 Credit Hours
    This is an online course that introduces the student to a variety of commonly encountered neuropathology cases. The course emphasizes the integration of knowledge obtained from prior pathology courses and prepares the student to function effectively in clinical clerkships where neuropathology samples are encountered. It covers a broad range of topics designed to improve knowledge specific to neuropathology cases and samples. Following successful completion of this course the student should be able to interact with pathologists and residents specialized in the field of neuropathology to carry out the function of a Pathologists’ Assistant.
  
  • PATH 607 - Clinical Rotations


    4 Credit Hours
    This course is the final course of the Supervised Clinical Practice (SCP) component of the EVMS Pathologists’ Assistant Program. This course consists of immersive clinical experiences in the various disciplines where Pathologists’ Assistants may serve. Students will function under the direct supervision and guidance of site preceptors (Pathologists, Pathologists’ Assistants, or other appropriate laboratory professionals). These rotations will include experience in Surgical Pathology, Medical Autopsy Pathology, Forensic Autopsy Pathology, Laboratory Management and Bio-Banking/Biorepository Sciences. The settings for these experiences will include district offices of Virginia Medical Examiner’s Office, military and Veterans Administration hospitals, community hospitals, larger private hospital complexes, academic medical centers and the EVMS Biorepository. In this course, students will emphasize and refine the skills and abilities required of a practicing Pathologists’ Assistant and will be capable of working with indirect supervision and with the independence expected of a PathA program graduate. Upon completion of this course, students will be fully competent in all essential duties of a PathA.
  
  • PATH 608 - ASCP Certification Exam Prep


    4 Credit Hours
    This seminar course is designed as a comprehensive review, study guide and self-evaluation tool with the goal of preparation for the American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification (ASCP-BOC) Pathologists’ Assistant certification examination. Students will have access to pre-course and post-course practice examinations and interactive study materials. Appropriate reference texts will be available as well as other review materials. This course will make use of the seminar format with students synthesizing material from multiple courses and disciplines into presentations to be shared with the class. The course will begin with a pre-course practice test to evaluate individual strengths and weaknesses in preparation of review for the ASCP-BOC Pathologists’ Assistant Examination. Students will then be assigned seminar topics and will work in groups of two or three, to synthesize material and create presentations. Multiple disciplines (anatomy, pathology, histology, embryology, surgical pathology techniques, etc.) shall be included in the generation of review presentations and presentations will provide the foundation for seminars led by the assigned group. A post-course practice examination will allow the student to track their progress and identify any remaining points of weakness.
  
  • PATH 609 - Graduate Seminar


    2 Credit Hours
    This is a capstone research project designed to introduce the student to multiple elements of an original research project. The student will be responsible for selecting a topic in the discipline of Pathology to be worked up as a case-study finding or original research finding. The student will be responsible for the selection of the topic of interest, conducting literature search, compilation and analysis of the data material and writing of the findings in the form of an abstract and/or manuscript. Although not required, the reported findings should be of sufficient originality and scientific merit that it could be suitable for peer-review publication or presentation at a scientific meeting. The student will be responsible for writing and editing the final abstract, manuscript or report under the guidance of the Program Director. If the findings are submitted for publication, the student will be responsible for addressing reviewer comments and re-submission for publication with assistance from the Program Director. The course presents several major themes and opportunities of instructional methods related to research techniques and methods in health profession education. This course will allow the student to receive instructional and scientific guidance from the Program Director for initiating and completing a case-study report or other approved research project of interest. The culmination of the project will required that the student present the findings in an open seminar setting either in-house or at an approved scientific meeting to enhance the learning experience. The students will have the opportunity to participate in multiple discussions from the audience during their presentation.

Pathology

  
  • PAT 400 - Anatomic and Clinical Pathology


    Laboratory medicine is an exciting and broad discipline that includes anatomic pathology (surgical pathology, autopsy pathology and cytology), clinical pathology (hematology, chemistry and microbiology), and transfusion medicine (clinical transfusion medicine and blood banking). The goal of this rotation is to provide an opportunity to learn the functional aspects of each of these areas, the appropriateness of test ordering and the processes involved in arriving at specific diagnoses, thereby fostering understanding and better working relationships between clinicians and the laboratory. Students will have the opportunity to rotate through all of the major areas of the anatomic and clinical laboratories and any other areas of special interest, time permitting.
  
  • PAT 401 - Gross Anatomical Pathology of Trauma and Sudden Death


    The role of the Medical Examiner in the community is investigating deaths in the public interest of the administration of justice and detecting hazards to public health and safety. Students will participate in the determining the Pathology of sudden death and trauma.
  
  • PAT 409 - Pathology


    Anatomic and clinical are offered. Course content can be flexible with regards to student interest in a particular subject matter. Gross and microscopic anatomic pathology will be emphasized. Students may assist in autopsies. Clinicopathologic correlation will be stressed. Sentara Norfolk General Hospital is a private surgical pathology practice which has involvement in academic work. Students will gain experience in utilization of state of the art diagnostic procedures including immuno-peroxidase studies, molecular pathology, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Students have the opportunity to explore pathology with regard to possible career choice or to augment knowledge of tissue pathology as it pertains to other specialties such as surgery, oncology, radiology, etc.
  
  • PATH 510 - Pathophysiology


    4 Credit Hours
    A study of the cellular, organ and system changes associated with human disease processes and the physiologic responses associated with selected human pathologies.  The course introduces students to clinical medicine by reviewing the pathophysiologic basis of the symptoms and signs of prevalent diseases.

Pathology and Anatomy

  
  • PAT 998 - Pathology and Anatomy


    Non-site-specific elective with a member of the EVMS faculty
  
  • PAT 999 - Pathology and Anatomy


    Away elective

Pediatric

  
  • PED 301 - Pediatric


    The EVMS Pediatrics Clerkship provides students with clinical experience in the inpatient/hospital setting and outpatient clinic, including exposure to pediatric sub-specialties and the newborn nursery. Our faculty and residents contribute to medical student education through direct observation in the clinical setting, bedside teaching, interactive case-based didactics, standardized patient encounters, computer case simulation, and student mentoring and advising. Students will develop the ability to obtain an age-appropriate history, physical exam, and generate an initial diagnostic and therapeutic plan for children of any age. Students will demonstrate communication skills with patients and families that convey respect, integrity, flexibility, sensitivity, and compassion.
  
  • PED 401 - Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine


    This elective is designed to familiarize the student with the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at CHKD and to participate in the management of neonates under direct supervision of the neonatal-perinatal faculty. Students will be able to apply the basic sciences (physiology, biochemistry, and microbiology) to the care of sick neonates. This elective is designed to allow the student to function as an acting intern in the NICU. When taking night call, the student will have the opportunity to accompany the attending neonatologist and pediatric residents in the delivery room to attend high risk deliveries.
  
  • PED 402 - Pediatric Endocrinology Clinical Experience


    Opportunity to become acquainted with endocrine problems of childhood and adolescence. Students will learn about the more common endocrine problems and how they are managed. They will also learn about the impact of chronic disease on physical and psychosocial-emotional growth.
  
  • PED 403 - Pediatric Cardiology


    This is primarily an outpatient cardiology clinic rotation with opportunities to observe surgeries, TEEs, catheterizations, advanced imaging, and EP studies. The student will learn the clinical signs and symptoms of the major congenital and acquired pediatric cardiac conditions. Self-directed reading of primary articles as well as texts will be required. Relevant EKGs echocardiography, x-rays and physical exam findings will be reviewed.
  
  • PED 405 - Pediatric Acting-Internship


    The Acting Internship (AI) experience is designed to encourage senior medical students to assume patient care responsibilities similar to those of an intern (PGY-1 resident), including night call. The purpose of this course is to provide the student with the opportunity to further develop his/her clinical skills and knowledge in pediatrics. Under the supervision of the faculty attending and supervising resident, the student will admit patients, perform history and physical examinations, write orders, discuss the case with the supervising resident and attending, make daily rounds with the pediatric team, and perform clinical procedures. This elective is designed to give the student considering a career in pediatrics the opportunity to function as an acting-intern on a pediatric ward and to assess his/her suitability and interest in pediatric residency training.
  
  • PED 406 - Pediatric Infectious Diseases


    The student will gain experience in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of infectious diseases in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Inpatient experience is mostly in a consultative role, which allows the student to focus on the infectious disease issues. Work is distributed to maximize learning. Students are encouraged to delve into the literature about patients or conditions they find particularly interesting. The outpatient clinic provides experience with acute infectious problems outside the realm of the generalist’s knowledge. In addition, patients with sub-acute or chronic infections or immune-compromising conditions are followed. Weekly city- wide infectious diseases case conference and weekly division meetings provide additional didactic learning, and contact with many ID-trained sub-specialists.
  
  • PED 409 - Pediatric Hematology/Oncology


    The purpose of this elective is to provide the student with an opportunity for practical application of acquired knowledge and skills pertaining to pediatric hematology/oncology. The student’s clinic time will be spent in the outpatient practice.
  
  • PED 411 - Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition


    A comprehensive rotation encompassing all aspects of the discipline of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. The student will work with all age groups, from newborn to young adult, in the inpatient and outpatient setting. Travel to satellite offices is the student’s option. The student will observe and sometimes assist with procedures, such as endoscopy, dilation and liver biopsy. Attendance at all GI-related conferences and a presentation at the monthly journal club will be expected.
  
  • PED 412 - Pediatric Nephrology


    A comprehensive experience in pediatric nephrology. Includes daily inpatient rounds, consultations, outpatient clinics daily. Emphasis on clinical diagnosis and management of acute and chronic renal diseases including fluid-electrolyte, acid-base, and renal failure. Prior arrangement required.
  
  • PED 414 - Ambulatory Pediatric Medicine


    This elective is designed to give the student experience in both the diagnosis and management of common acute illnesses in children, as well as learn the essential features of well child and adolescent care including developmental assessment and health maintenance and common long-term illness management of children in the General Academic Pediatrics Outpatient Center.

     
  
  • PED 415 - Pediatric Critical Care Medicine


    This elective is designed to familiarize the student with the subspecialty of pediatric critical care medicine. The student shall become familiar with the management of critically ill children who have a variety of medical and surgical problems. The student will be familiar with the social, ethical and medical-legal issues associated with the practice of critical care. The student will function as a house officer under the direct supervision of the attending and senior residents on the PICU service.
  
  • PED 416 - Clinical Genetics


    This elective provides the student with a comprehensive introduction to the field of clinical genetics. Students have the opportunity to learn about a range of genetic disorders, genetic diagnostics and genetic counseling by participating in the evaluation of children in inpatient and outpatient settings.
  
  • PED 419 - Clinical Pediatric Neurology


    Clinical experience with the wide spectrum of neurological disorders in children, including neuromuscular diseases, epilepsy, headache, brain tumors, neuro-degenerative diseases, and neonatal neurology.
  
  • PED 420 - Pediatric Pulmonology


    The student will actively participate as a member of the division, on an outpatient basis. Student will either shadow or independently see patients in clinic. Inpatient time is to be expected when there are no clinics. Attendance at general pediatric conferences will be expected.
  
  • PED 421 - Allergy/Clinical Immunology Rotation


    Student will be involved directly in the evaluation and management of patients with allergic and immunologic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, food allergy, anaphylaxis, and recurrent infections. Knowledge and clinical experience will be obtained by learning to interpret blood levels for immune function, CXRs, PFTs, skin testing and food challenges.
  
  • PED 422 - Pediatric Emergency Medicine


    This elective is located in the emergency department of the Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters. Students will be expected to see patients independently and then present the history, physical examination, assessment and plan to the ED attending physician in an efficient, organized manner. Participants in the elective will receive hands-on experience in managing a wide variety of medical and surgical problems that present to a busy pediatric emergency department. The ideal student for this rotation is one who is serious about experience in pediatric emergency medicine, can work independently and who is willing to work a full clinical schedule.
  
  • PED 423 - Office Based Pediatrics


    This elective is being offered as an opportunity to obtain experience in a pediatrician’s office. Under the supervision of the pediatrician, the student will perform duties of a practicing pediatrician. The elective is designed to give the student considering a career in pediatrics the opportunity to further assess his/her interest in pediatric practice.
  
  • PED 426 - Child Abuse Pediatrics


    During the child abuse rotation, students will become familiar with the medical and forensic mental health assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse, physical abuse, and/or neglect. Basic knowledge of child abuse pediatrics will be acquired through inpatient and outpatient consultations, scheduled clinics, observation of medical and mental health faculty, attendance at multidisciplinary team meetings and observation of court proceedings.
  
  • PED 428 - Pediatric Pain Medicine and Palliative Care


    This elective provides the student with an introduction to the fields of pediatric pain management and pediatric palliative care. Students have the opportunity to learn about a variety of medical conditions requiring palliative care and pain management by participating in the evaluation of children in inpatient and outpatient setting.
  
  • PED 998 - Pediatrics


    Non-site-specific elective with a member of the EVMS faculty
  
  • PED 999 - Pediatrics


    Away elective

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

  
  • PMR 400 - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation


    Flexible inpatient and/or outpatient clinical experiences for adult physical medicine and rehabilitation. Inpatient rehabilitation of stroke, head injury, spinal cord injury, amputee and other orthopedic and neurologic disorders. Outpatient musculoskeletal and pain management including manipulation, acupuncture, epidurals and nerve blocks. Specialty clinics for spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, spasticity and cerebral palsy and head injury. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of muscle and nerve disorders. Choice of 2 - 4 weeks duration.
  
  • PMR 998 - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation


    Non-site-specific elective with a member of the EVMS faculty
  
  • PMR 999 - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation


    Away elective

Physician Assistant

  
  • MPA 5002 - Introduction to Medical Diagnostics and Interventions


    0.5 Credit Hours
    This course will introduce the fundamentals and foundational skills of clinical ultrasonography.
  
  • MPA 5003 - Physiology and Pathophysiology


    4 Credit Hours
    The purpose of this course is to provide advanced coverage of human pathophysiology through the analysis of diseased and other abnormal physiological conditions.
  
  • MPA 5005 - Medical Diagnostics I


    3 Credit Hours
    This course introduces and assesses clinical competency of specified skills, diagnostic modalities, and interventions related to professional responsibilities and practices in patient care.
  
  • MPA 5061 - Clinical Anatomy for Health Professions


    5 Credit Hours
    Cross-listed: MSA 508 , PATH 504 

    A study and exploration of the human cadaver through lecture, lab dissection and prosecution.
  
  • MPA 5082 - Introduction to the PA Profession


    3 Credit Hours
    This course explores the history, role, practice scope and professional policies of the physician assistant in healthcare. It also presents an interactive and strategic examination of the evolving American healthcare system, the issues and controversies relative to healthcare reforms and the growing impact of managed care.
  
  • MPA 5091 - Clinical Assessment and Reasoning I


    3 Credit Hours
    Introduces the beginning practitioner to the skills of listening, communicating, data collecting and documenting patient encounters.
  
  • MPA 5112 - Clinical Pharmacology I


    3 Credit Hours
    This course provides preparation for appropriate administration/prescription of medicines, which is accomplished through a study of drug classifications, pharmacodynamic actions and rationale for therapeutic use of prescription and nonprescription medications.
  
  • MPA 5142 - Psychosocial Elements of Wellness


    2 Credit Hours
    The societal determinants of health, illness and disease are explored as a continuum of community care, a promotion of cultural sensitivity and an enrichment of the clinician-patient relationship.
  
  • MPA 5162 - Introduction to Clinical Medicine I


    5 Credit Hours
    This course is designed to lay the foundation for patient care through a comprehensive understanding of illness. This 3-course series in the medical sciences and related technologies addresses care of the adult, adolescent and pediatric patient beginning with common acute self-limited illnesses and progressing to more complex, well-defined chronic disorders.
  
  • MPA 5165 - Medical Diagnostics II


    3 Credit Hours
    This course introduces and assesses clinical competency of specified skills, diagnostic modalities, and interventions related to professional responsibilities and practices in patient care.
  
  • MPA 5193 - Clinical Assessment and Reasoning II


    4 Credit Hours
    This course introduces the use of examination techniques and equipment used during a patient-centered physical examination and emphasizes the relationship of the exam to the history to aid in developing competency and clinical judgment in clinical assessment. It also promotes a working knowledge base for integrating information into decision-making, diagnosis hypothesis, clinical reasoning, and data resolution skills through cooperative learning strategies and selected clinical topics.
  
  • MPA 5213 - Clinical Pharmacology II


    3 Credit Hours
    Preparation for appropriate administration/prescription of medicines is accomplished through a study of drug classifications, pharmacodynamic actions and rationale for therapeutic use of prescription and nonprescription medications.
  
  • MPA 5235 - Medical Diagnostics III


    2 Credit Hours
    This course introduces and assesses clinical competency of specified skills, diagnostic modalities, and interventions related to professional responsibilities and practices in patient care.
  
  • MPA 5253 - Introduction to Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine


    2 Credit Hours
    This course introduces population epidemiology and decision-making theory, followed by an introduction to and application of the principles of evidence-based medicine to patient care.
  
  • MPA 5263 - Introduction to Clinical Medicine II


    5 Credit Hours
    Designed to lay the foundation for patient care through a comprehensive understanding of illness. This 3-course series in the medical sciences and related technologies addresses care of the adult, adolescent and pediatric patient beginning with common acute self-limited illnesses and progressing to more complex, well-defined chronic disorders.
  
  • MPA 5295 - Clinical Assessment and Reasoning III


    5 Credit Hours
    This course integrates the patient-centered history-taking and physical examination skills presented in Clinical Assessment and Reasoning I and II and emphasizes differential formulation in the context of problem-focused encounters. A systematic approach is used in studying the comprehensive and problem-oriented clinical assessment of various patient populations within simulated cases.
  
  • MPA 5314 - Patient Counseling and Education


    2 Credit Hours
    This course builds on knowledge gained in clinical science courses by providing the student with the skills necessary to educate patients about their disease processes, help patients become a partner in their own healthcare and guide patients toward health-promoting behavior.
  
  • MPA 5341 - Legal and Medical Ethical Issues in Medicine


    2 Credit Hours
    This course examines the relationships and impact of health law and medical ethics in healthcare by analyzing case studies of contemporary health issues.
  
  • MPA 5342 - Business of Medicine


    1 Credit Hours
    The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a future provider’s perspective of the US health care system.
  
  • MPA 5364 - Introduction to Clinical Medicine III


    5 Credit Hours
    Designed to lay the foundation for patient care through a comprehensive understanding of illness. This 3-course series in the medical sciences and related technologies addresses care of the adult, adolescent and pediatric patient beginning with common acute self-limited illnesses and progressing to more complex, well-defined chronic disorders.
  
  • MPA 5365 - Clinical Pharmacology III


    2 Credit Hours
    Preparation for appropriate administration/prescription of medicines is accomplished through a study of drug classifications, pharmacodynamic actions, and rationale for therapeutic use of prescription and non-prescription medications.
  
  • MPA 5465 - Introduction to Clinical Practice


    1 Credit Hours
    This course will cover clinical year expectations and standards as well as reinforce the extensive medical knowledge base that was developed during the didactic portion of the MPA program. The primary focus is to prepare students for the clinical year by reinforcing clinical knowledge and emphasizing information needed to be successful in the clinical year.
  
  • MPA 5705 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Family Medicine


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice in Family Medicine is designed to prepare a student to function in an ambulatory setting in a role appropriate to a primary care physician assistant (PA) [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, acute, or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on the patient population of the practice, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management, prenatal and gynecologic care, as well as care for behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5715 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Pediatric Medicine


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice in Pediatric Medicine is designed to prepare a student to function in an ambulatory setting in a role appropriate to a primary care physician assistant (PA) [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, emergent, acute, or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, and adolescents [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on the patient population of the practice, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5725 - Supervised Clinical Practice: General Internal Medicine I


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice experience in Internal Medicine is designed to prepare a student to function in an Internal Medicine setting in a role appropriate to a primary care physician assistant (PA). [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, acute, or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on the patient population of the practice, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management, prenatal and gynecologic care, as well as care for behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5735 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Emergency Medicine


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice (SCP) experience in Emergency Medicine is designed to prepare a student to function in an emergency department setting in a role appropriate to a primary care physician assistant (PA) [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, emergent, acute, and/or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on patient population, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management, prenatal and gynecologic care, as well as care for behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5745 - Supervised Clinical Practice: General Surgery


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice experience in Surgery is designed to prepare a student to function in an ambulatory or inpatient setting in a role appropriate to a physician assistant (PA) practicing in surgery. [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, emergent, acute, or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. The student will encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5755 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Women’s Health


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice (SCP) in Women’s Health is designed to prepare a student to function in an outpatient and/or inpatient setting in a role appropriate to a physician assistant (PA) practicing in women’s health [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, acute, or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on the patient population of the practice, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management, prenatal and gynecologic care, as well as care for behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5785 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Psychiatry and Behavioral Health


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice (SCP) in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health is designed to prepare a student to function in various clinical settings and gain exposure to behavioral health [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, emergent, acute, or chronic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking care for behavioral and mental health conditions across the life span (children, adolescents, adults, and/or elderly) [Standard B3.03]. Upon completion of this SCP students will have the skills necessary to evaluate and manage patients with a variety of psychiatric problems. The student will be familiar with the indications, contraindications, side effects and dosing guidelines for the medications commonly used in psychiatry and be able to use selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals appropriately. Additionally, students are expected to perform psychiatric interviews and mental status examinations. The student will learn and understand the role of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and nurses in the care of the psychiatric patient and learn when to make referrals for specialized psychiatric care to the appropriate specialists. The aim is to achieve a level of competency in psychiatry to be able safely carry out the duties of a PA in any domain of medicine, promulgate respect and understanding of psychiatry as a medical discipline and its importance to other medical specialties, and to dispel attitudes which result in stigmatization of patients with psychiatric disorders.
  
  • MPA 5790 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Elective I


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice (SCP) experience in an elective aims to meet program expectations related to a student’s chosen field of interest. This SCP is offered to provide the student with knowledge of the role of a practicing physician assistant (PA) in the setting of his/her choosing, including (but not limited to) outpatient, emergency department, inpatient, or operating room environments [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, emergent, acute, chronic or cosmetic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on the particular area of interest, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management, prenatal and gynecologic care, as well as care for behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5795 - Supervised Clinical Practice: Elective II


    3 Credit Hours
    The supervised clinical practice (SCP) experience in an elective aims to meet Program Expectations related to a student’s chosen field of interest. This SCP is offered to provide the student with knowledge of the role of a practicing physician assistant (PA) in the setting of his/her choosing, including (but not limited to) outpatient, emergency department, inpatient, or operating room environments [Standard B3.04]. Each student will experience patient encounters that are essential in preparation for entry into practice. Students will be able to evaluate/assess patients involving one or more of the following types of encounters: preventative, emergent, acute, chronic or cosmetic. [Standard B3.02]. Each student will be given the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills learned in the didactic program as s/he is exposed to patients seeking medical care across the life span, including infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly [Standard B3.03]. Dependent on the particular area of interest, the student may also encounter patients seeking care for conditions requiring surgical management, prenatal and gynecologic care, as well as care for behavioral and mental health conditions [Standard B3.03].
  
  • MPA 5800 - Foundations of Interprofessional Practice


    0.5 Credit Hours
    Foundations of Interprofessional Practice introduces interprofessional roles in healthcare in order to enable effective collaboration for a safe, effective and value-driven healthcare delivery system by emphasizing teams of professionals working together in order to benefit patients and improve health outcomes. The course extends through semesters 1 and 2.
  
  • MPA 5801 - Practicum for Interprofessional Practice


    0.5 Credit Hours
    Practicum for Interprofessional Practice introduces interprofessional roles in healthcare to enable effective collaboration for a safe, effective and value-driven healthcare delivery system by emphasizing teams of professionals working together in order to benefit patients and improve outcomes. This course is an interprofessional educational experience for both PA and MD students at EVMS. The course extends through semesters 3 and 4.
  
  • MPA 5802 - Interprofessional Practice


    1 Credit Hours
    This course focuses on the observation and application of interprofessional concepts within healthcare teams in clinical practice to enable effective collaboration for a safe, effective and value-driven healthcare delivery system. This is accomplished by emphasizing teams of professionals working together in order to benefit patients and improve health outcomes.
  
  • MPA 5807 - Service Learning Practicum


    1 Credit Hours
    This course provides an opportunity for students to spend at least 15 hours in a community, health-related agency during the clinical year of the program. The goal of the course is to reinforce the community orientation of the medical school and promote a commitment to service in our graduates. Projects are presented to peers prior to graduation.
  
  • MPA 5837 - Senior Seminar


    5 Credit Hours
    The purpose of this course is to prepare the student for transition to a practicing PA through lectures, small group activities and oral presentations. Students will be required to participate in comprehensive board review sessions designed for certification. At the conclusion of the course, students will be required to pass a summative evaluation designed to assess overall performance and preparation for clinical practice.
  
  • MPA 5900 - Senior Seminar


    5 Credit Hours
    The purpose of this course is to prepare the student for transition to a practicing PA through lectures, small group activities and oral presentations. Students will be required to participate in comprehensive board review sessions designed for certification. At the conclusion of the course, students will be required to pass a summative evaluation designed to assess overall performance and preparation for clinical practice.

Physiology

  
  • PHY 400 - Studies on Hormone Production by the Fetal-Placental Unit During Pregnancy


    This laboratory studies the role of estrogen on fetal placental development and impact of alterations in the maternal/fetal hormonal milieu as well as endocrine disruptors that mimic estrogen action (e.g. bisphenol) on placental and fetal development, maternal well-being, fetal programming, pregnancy outcome and risk for development of disease in adulthood. Studies show that estrogen regulates placental cellular invasion of the maternal uterine spiral arteries in early pregnancy a process that is essential for appropriate utero-placental blood flow and which when defective leads to development of maternal hypertension and preeclampsia as well as compromise fetal growth leading to IUGR. Studies also show that estrogen in the second half of gestation regulates placental catabolism of maternal stress hormones (e.g. cortisol) and programs fetal organ/metabolic systems important for insulin action and thus prevention of insulin resistance (e.g. diabetes) in adulthood. The student will be expected to choose one or more of these or other clinical complications of human pregnancy (e.g. preeclampsia, IUGR; gestational diabetes, prematurity; placenta accreta), summarize the etiology, clinical manifestations etc. and via library search and interaction/discussion with Dr. Pepe to summarize and integrate the relevant basic science research being performed to elucidate cause, improve treatment and enhance fetal-maternal well-being and pregnancy outcome.

Physiological Sciences

  
  • PHY 998 - Physiological Sciences


    Non-site-specific elective with a member of the EVMS faculty
  
  • PHY 999 - Physiological Sciences


    Away elective

Plastic Surgery

  
  • PLS 403 - Plastic Surgery/Reconstructive Surgery


    Students will rotate through the plastic surgery service, engaging in contact with patients and assisting in surgery; attending lectures, conferences and suture workshops including microsuturing. Exposure to all aspects of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery; including breast, facial, pediatric and general plastic surgery procedures. Participation in a research project or preparation of an in-depth essay or paper on a particular subject in plastic surgery.

Psychiatry

  
  • PSY 301 - Psychiatry


    The EVMS Psychiatry Clerkship provides students with clinical experience in the inpatient psychiatry setting at EVMS and partnering institutions. Our faculty and residents contribute to medical student education through direct observation in the clinical setting, bedside teaching, interactive case-based didactics, and student mentoring and advising. Students will develop the ability to diagnose psychiatric disorders commonly seen in the child, adolescent, adult, and elderly patient populations and demonstrate empathy for individuals experiencing mental illness.
  
  • PSY 404 - Consultation/Liaison Psychiatry


    The student will be exposed to Consultation/Liaison Psychiatry, a branch of Psychiatry specializing in psychiatric care of the medically ill patient. The student will participate as an integral member of the consultation team, which is comprised of an attending consultation/liaison psychiatrist, residents, and clerkship students. The rotation takes place at Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, a 425 bed general hospital with developed trauma, critical care and specialty units. The students will be expected to evaluate, present and write up consult cases. The student will work closely with the resident and attending physicians and will attend rounds, follow-up on assigned cases, attend conferences and grand rounds. Common diagnoses encountered include delirium, dementia, mood, anxiety and personality disorders.
  
  • PSY 407 - Acting Internship in Psychiatry


    This course is designed for seniors wishing for a sub-internship experience in Inpatient Psychiatry prior to beginning residency in Psychiatry. However, students entering the Primary Care field, who want further experience recognizing and assessing mental illness should also apply. The purpose of this rotation is to provide increasing amounts of responsibility for treating psychiatric inpatients. The student will act as an intern with primary responsibility for patient care including evaluation and treatment.
  
  • PSY 408 - Addiction Psychiatry


    The student will be exposed to Addiction Psychiatry, a branch of Psychiatry specializing in the treatment of addictive disorders, i.e., alcoholism and other psychoactive substance dependence. Many of the patients will also have a dual diagnosis. The students will participate as a member of a multidisciplinary team and work closely with the attending psychiatrist and other treatment team members. The rotation takes place in an intensive REHABILITATIVE RESIDENTIAL setting where patients reside for up to 120 days. This is an intensive and highly structured program, which operates on a “bio-psychosocial model” of treatment with a strong emphasis on the 12-Step recovery process. The program is headed by a psychiatrist and includes a program specialist, social worker, addiction therapists and other support personnel. Other treatment tracks include relapse prevention, aftercare, and family. The student will be expected to actively participate in program activities to include: (1) individual and group therapy; (2) community meetings; (3) family counseling; (4) didactic therapy; (5) physical, recreational and occupational therapy; (6) treatment planning; and (7) assessment triage. Students may also be exposed to subspecialty areas to include detoxification and inpatient psychiatric substance abuse education. Utilization of current literature and appropriate references is encouraged. Emphasis is placed on learning the biopsychosocial assessment and formulation, as well as in motivational intervening therapy.
  
  • PSY 412 - Psychiatry Acting Internship


    This course is designed for seniors wishing for a sub-internship experience in Inpatient Psychiatry prior to beginning residency in Psychiatry. However, students entering the Primary Care field, who want further experience recognizing and assessing mental illness should also apply. Cases of greater interest in maximizing the educational objectives and that meet the student interests will be selected. Particular areas of interest can include Substance (alcohol or Illicit Substances), Use Disorders, Neurocognitive Disorders (Dementia), Psychotic Disorders, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or Personality Disorders. The Biopsychosocial model is used with a crisis intervention approach. Brief stabilization is followed by return to the community or non-acute level of care. Under the psychiatrist’s supervision, the student would be responsible for assessing the patient and implementing their own treatment plan. The student would follow the response to treatment, updating or modifying the plan as required.
  
  • PSY 416 - Psychosomatic Medicine (Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry)


    Consultation-Liaison (C-L) Psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry that entails consultation to medically and surgically ill hospitalized patients, education of students and clinicians of all disciplines, and research. The setting for the practice of C-L Psychiatry is the general hospital. Naval Medical Center Portsmouth is a 366 bed general hospital. 4th year medical students will learn key elements in an effective C-L team.  Ability to conduct mental status exam and interpret findings in conjunction with laboratory and neuro-imaging; capacity to assess the potential for suicidality, aggression and agitation within a medical-surgical setting; ability to work with and clearly communicate findings and recommendations to non-psychiatric physicians, other health care workers, and families. Usual coverage during duty hours for C-L service pager is 0730-1600. Medical students’ duty hours will be 0730-1700. Rounds are daily from 1300 to 1500 except for Fridays when we round from 1430 to 1600. Students will be exposed to “talking papers” as a form of learning and teaching others during rounds. Talking Papers are a quick reference outline on key points of an oral briefing.
 

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